- How and when system engineering techniques find their application in highly developed biological models
- System level analogies between complex control and automation devices and biological entities
- Negative feedback control loops and signalling in biochemical pathways
- System analysis, signal integrity and fault detection in biochemical pathway
- Localization and bypass of a defect on the metabolic pathways using control & system engineering techniques

Printed-Circuit model

Integrated-Circuit model

Single layer board layout

Human voxel model

Eukaryotic cell model
